Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is a 1962 play by Edward Albee. It examines the breakdown of the marriage of a middle-aged couple, Martha and George. Late one evening, after a university faculty party, they receive an unwitting younger couple, Nick and Honey, as guests, and draw them into their bitter and frustrated relationship. The play is in three acts, normally taking a little less than three hours to perform, with two 10-minute intermissions. . the SparkNotes Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Edward Albee. Context. Summary. Characters. Summary & Analysis. Act I, Part i. Test your knowledge of Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? User Polls. Hear ye! Hear ye! Vote for most unfair Best Picture verdict! Best Directorial Debut? Battle of the. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? smashes these conventions and shows realistic families that are far from perfect and possibly ruined. The families of Honey and Martha.
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Directed by Sam Raimi. With Sharon Stone, Gene Hackman, Russell Crowe, Leonardo DiCaprio. Lady avenger returns to western town owned by a ruthless gunslinger hosting. The Quick And The Dead Full MovieBarbara Graham surrounded by the press after receiving a death sentence. [Photo courtesy of LAPL]. Buy Left 4 Dead Bundle. Includes 2 items: Left 4 Dead, Left 4 Dead 2. Lady avenger returns to western town owned by a ruthless gunslinger hosting an elimination tournament. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3/10 X The story about the relationship between a rebellious 50s teenager and his abusive father, based on the memoirs of writer and literature professor Tobias Wolff. Storyline Ellen, an unknown female gunslinger rides into a small, dingy and depressing prairie town with a secret as to her reason for showing up. Shortly after her arrival, a local preacher, Cort, is thrown through the saloon doors while townfolk are signing up for a gun competition. The pot is a huge sum of money and the only rule: that you follow the rules of the man that set up the contest, Herod. Herod is also the owner, leader, and "ruler" of the town. Seems he's arranged this little gun-show-off so that the preacher (who use to be an outlaw and rode with Herod) will have to fight again. Cort refuses to ever use a gun to kill again and Herod, acknowledging Cort as one of the best, is determined to alter this line of thinking ... even if it gets someone killed ... Written by McGinty <[email protected]>','url':'http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114214/','og_descr':'Directed by Sam Raimi. With Sharon Stone, Gene Hackman, Russell Crowe, Leonardo DiCaprio. Lady avenger returns to western town owned by a ruthless gunslinger hosting an elimination tournament. The Walking Dead is an episodic interactive story adventure developed and published by Telltale Games based on The Walking Dead comic book series. Day of the Dead (Spanish: Día de Muertos) is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico, in particular the Central and South regions, and acknowledged around the. The Quick And The Dead MovieA jester, court jester or fool was historically an entertainer who during the mediaeval and Renaissance eras was a member of the household of a nobleman employed to. There is the semifamous American phrase “Wait til your Father gets home!” This phrase was suppose to be invoked by the mother after a rough day with the kids. Implying that the kids were going to “get it” when the Father found out about what they had been doing during the day. What reminded me of phrase is the Pope’s visit to the United States. Apparently we think of the Pope in just this light. That when he visits we want him to deliver the comeuppance for all the wrong doing. The Court Jester ImdbCourt Jester in Binghamton. Facilities. Learn about our two locations and the many ways in which we can serve your fitness needs. Today two related motu proprio’s were issued which reform the annulment process in both the western and eastern Catholic churches. As usual Jimmy Akin provides a. 4.8/5.0 rating. See The Court Jester on the Amazon Movies and TV store. Great savings on a wide range of DVD, Blu-ray, and 3D-Bluray titles. The Court Jester YoutubeA hapless carnival performer masquerades as the court jester as part of a plot against an evil ruler who has overthrown the rightful king. A former Secret Service agent takes on the job of bodyguard to a pop singer, whose lifestyle is most unlike a President's. Storyline A pop singer has been receiving threatening notes, and her manager hires a bodyguard known for his good work. The bodyguard ruffles the singer's feathers and most of her entourage by tightening security more than they feel is necessary. The bodyguard is haunted by the fact that he was on Reagan's secret service staff but wasn't there to prevent the attack by Hinckley. Eventually the bodyguard and the singer start an affair, and she begins to believe his precautions are necessary when the stalker strikes close to home. Written by Ed Sutton <[email protected]>','url':'http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103855/','og_descr':'Directed by Mick Jackson. With Kevin Costner, Whitney Houston, Gary Kemp, Bill Cobbs. A former Secret Service agent takes on the job of bodyguard to a pop singer, whose lifestyle is most unlike a President's. The Bodyguard may refer to: The Bodyguard (1944 film), a Tom and Jerry short The Bodyguard (1973 film) or Karate Kiba, a Japanese film starring Sonny Chiba The. 'I got my Bodyguard Certification from PSU intitially to protect my right to carry concealed and own, hunt and collect in the face of Obama and the Democratic Congress. Bodyguard Careers is an informational site with the purpose of providing bodyguards with all the information and tools necessary to succeed in the executive. The Bodyguard CastCurso de Direção Defensiva. O MAIS COMPLETO E AVANÇADO TREINAMENTO DE DIREÇÃO DEFENSIVA DO BRASIL. Directed by Mick Jackson. With Kevin Costner, Whitney Houston, Gary Kemp, Bill Cobbs. A former Secret Service agent takes on the job of bodyguard to a pop singer. The Bodyguard RemakeHalloween: Resurrection This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 6, 2007. Halloween Resurrection Trailer. Watch this movie. Halloween. Halloween: Resurrection (also known as Halloween 8 or Halloween: Homecoming) is a 2002 American horror comedy film that is the eighth installment in the Halloween. Halloween: Resurrection (also known as Halloween 8 or Halloween: Homecoming) is a 2002 American horror comedy film that is the eighth installment in the Halloween film series. Directed by Rick Rosenthal, who had also directed Halloween II in 1981, the film builds upon the continuity of Halloween H20: 20 Years Later. It continues with the masked serial killer Michael Myers (Brad Loree) continuing his murderous rampage in his hometown of Haddonfield. Yet, this time, the killer's old, derelict childhood home is being used for a live internet horror show. Akin to its predecessor, Resurrection retcons the events of the fourth, fifth, and sixth installments in the film series as non-canon. The film came out to mostly negative critical reviews, having just a 12% score on Rotten Tomatoes, but it was somewhat of a box office success, with over $30 million made in the box office. Actress Jamie Lee Curtis returned in her long-running role as Laurie Strode; Larry Brand and Sean Hood devised the screenplay. Resurrection is currently the final installment in the original Halloween film series. Although more sequels were planned to follow Resurrection, the series was eventually rebooted with Rob Zombie's 2007 remake of the original Halloween. Three years after the events of the previous film, Laurie Strode (Jamie Lee Curtis) had been sent to a psychiatric hospital after it is revealed that she had beheaded a paramedic instead of her brother Michael Myers (Brad Loree); the paramedic had located the body of Myers in the dining hall of Laurie's school, Hillcrest Academy, after the paramedic tried to grab his mask, Myers attacked him, and crushed his larynx so he wouldn't cry out and forcefully switched clothing and his mask. As Laurie drives the coroner's van out of the school, Myers in the paramedic's clothing walks out of the school grounds and goes into hiding for the next three years. On October 31, 2001, still in captivity, Laurie, pretending to be heavily medicated, prepares herself for the inevitable confrontation with Michael. Michael appears at the hospital and kills two security guards by decapitating one and slitting the throat of the other before going after Laurie. Laurie lures Michael into a trap, but as she attempts to kill him, she second guesses herself and goes to remove his mask to make sure that it is really her brother this time. Myers takes advantage, and stabs her in the back before sending her off the roof to her death. His mission is complete after more than twenty years of searching and tracking Laurie down. The following year, college students Bill Woodlake (Thomas Ian Nicholas), Donna Chang (Daisy McCrackin), Jen Danzig (Katee Sackhoff), Jim Morgan (Luke Kirby), Rudy Grimes (Sean Patrick Thomas), and Sara Moyer (Bianca Kajlich) win a competition to appear on an Internet reality show directed by Freddie Harris (Busta Rhymes) and his friend, Nora Winston (Tyra Banks), in which they have to spend a night in Michael's childhood home in order to figure out what led him to kill. On Halloween, each equipped with head-cameras as well as the cameras laid throughout the house, they start the show, searching the entire house for something that can provide a clue to Michael's past, and decide to separate into three groups to cover more areas. Sara's messaging friend Deckard (Ryan Merriman) watches the broadcast during a Halloween party. As the group searches the house, Donna and Jim begin getting intimate in the basement. Before anything can happen, a wall filled with corpses falls on them. Initially freaked out, upon closer inspection, Jim realizes the corpses are fake; the whole show is a setup. Jim leaves, but Donna notices a tunnel behind the fallen wall. After following it for a ways, she discovers she is being followed by Myers. Myers chases her through the tunnels before impaling her on a spike on the wall. At the party, Deckard and other partygoers witness the murder. Deckard realizes that the murder was real, but the others believe it is an act. Meanwhile, Freddie goes through the house dressed as Myers, but is secretly followed by the real Myers. Freddie, mistaking Michael for Charlie (a cameraman who had been killed earlier with a camera tripod leg through his throat), tells him to go to the garage and help Nora out. When Rudy, Sara, and Jim find Freddie in the Myers costume, he reveals the scheme to them and begs them to cooperate, telling them that he's set up a nice payday for all of them when it is done. When he leaves, the trio decides to gather up the other three and leave. But before they can, Jen discovers the body of Bill (who was stabbed in the head and vanished earlier) and is decapitated by the real Myers right in front of Rudy, Sara, and Jim. Rudy and Sara flee, but Jim stays to fend off Myers only to have his head crushed. Myers then kills Rudy by pinning him to the door with kitchen knives before chasing Sara upstairs. Locking herself in a bedroom, Sara begs for Deckard to help her. The other partiers begin realizing that the deaths have not been staged, and that everyone is, in fact, dead. With Deckard messaging her Myers' location, Sara manages to escape and is found by Freddie, who tells her that Nora is dead (having been killed by Myers off-screen). Before they can leave, Myers finds and attacks them. Freddie is injured and Sara makes her way to the tunnels. She finds an exit near Donna's body and emerges in the garage. As Myers finds her, Freddie returns and begins fighting Myers hand-to-hand. Freddie electrocutes Myers, tangling him up in electrical wiring before carrying Sara out of the burning garage. Myers' body is taken to the morgue. As the medical examiner begins to examine the body, Myers' eyes open and the scene cuts to black. Jamie Lee Curtis as Laurie Strode Busta Rhymes as Freddie Harris Bianca Kajlich as Sara Moyer Sean Patrick Thomas as Rudy Grimes Katee Sackhoff as Jennifer 'Jen' Danzig Daisy McCrackin as Donna Chang Luke Kirby as Jim Morgan Thomas Ian Nicholas as Bill Woodlake Tyra Banks as Nora Winston Ryan Merriman as Myles Deckard Barton Brad Loree as Michael Myers Billy Kay as Scott Lorena Gale as Nurse Wells Marisa Rudiak as Nurse Phillips Brent Chapman as Franklin Munroe Dan Joffre as Willie Haines Gus Lynch as Harold Trumble Haig Sutherland as Aron Brad Sihvon as Charley Albans Rick Rosenthal as Professor Mixter According to the Halloween: 25 Years of Terror documentary DVD, Miramax wanted to take Michael Myers out of the film but Moustapha Akkad and the fans disagreed and insisted that it would be another "Michael Myers piece". After learning a lesson with Halloween III: Season of the Witch, a movie that had experimented with a different story-line and failed to achieve expected success, Miramax had decided not to develop another sequel without the Myers character. The film's working title was Halloween: The Homecoming, but its producers wanted a title that said Michael Myers is alive, so in February 2002, the film was officially renamed Halloween: Resurrection. Also, the release date for the film was originally set as September 21, 2001, but producers at Dimension Films wanted the film to be stronger so re-shoots took place from September to October 2001. The release date was thus changed to April 19, 2002 and then again to July 12, 2002. Both Whitney Ransick and Dwight H. Little were approached to direct the film but turned it down. Later Rick Rosenthal, the director of Halloween II, was chosen to direct. During the casting period of the film, producers considered Danielle Harris (who played Jamie Lloyd in Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers and Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers) for a role in the film. In post production Bianca Kajlich's screams had to be dubbed because of her inability to scream. The film's trailer was delivered on April 26, 2002 with the release of Jason X. Principal photography began in Vancouver, British Columbia in 2001 with the opening scene filmed at Riverview Hospital in Coquitlam, BC. Halloween: Resurrection's delayed production and reshoots meant at least two alternate versions exist. The first workprint, titled onscreen as Halloween: The Homecoming, contained differences, some of which appeared on the DVD release including an alternate opening, multiple alternate endings, deleted scenes and an alternate score. Screencaps from a second workprint featuring deleted and alternate footage have been posted online, but copies are rare. This workprint is rumored to include the following deleted scenes, some of which are viewable on the retail DVD and YouTube. For this eighth installment of the series, Danny Lux created a genuine score relying upon the original instead of generating something new. He approaches the score with an electro-acoustic feel that dates back to the synthesizer scores of the '80s. The film also features several rap and hip-hop songs. In direct contrast to general critical reviews of the film, some assessments of its sound and theme music have been praising. For example, critic Steve Newton complimented the film's "creepy" and "unsettling" revival of the original Halloween movie's theme while panning the film itself as well as the rap tracks included. Halloween: Resurrection concludes with the potential for another sequel to continue the story, Josh Hartnett was originally planned to reprise his role as John Tate and seek revenge for his mother's death. Although there were plans for a new Halloween movie to continue after Resurrection, no such film has yet been produced to continue the original series. Dimension Films would instead produce a remake of the original Halloween in 2007, which was directed by Rob Zombie. A sequel to Zombie's remake was released two years later on August 28, 2009. Talk of some kind of a follow up to Halloween: Resurrection specifically has come up over the years but nothing has yet come of it. Halloween: Resurrection was released on July 12, 2002 in the US to moderate reception which did not change in its later international release. The film peaked at #4 on its opening weekend on US screens raking in $12,292,121 behind Reign of Fire, Road to Perdition and Men in Black II. It grossed $30,354,442 domestically and a further $7,310,413 for a moderate $37,664,855 worldwide gross. The film received highly unfavourable reviews from several critics. It has garnered a score of 12% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 59 reviews and a 13% among top critics based on 16 reviews, with the site's consensus being: "The only thing this tired slasher flick may resurrect is nostalgia for when the genre was still fresh and scary." Lou Lumenick of the New York Post said, "It's so devoid of joy and energy it makes even 'Jason X ' look positively Shakespearian by comparison." Dave Kehr of The New York Times said, "Spectators will indeed sit open-mouthed before the screen, not screaming but yawning." Peter Travers of Rolling Stone magazine said, "Every sequel you skip will be two hours gained. Consider this review life-affirming." Joe Leydon of Variety said, "[Seems] even more uselessly redundant and shamelessly money-grubbing than most third-rate horror sequels." PopMatters and WorldsGreatestCritic.com journalist J.C. Maçek III wrote, "The special effects are silly, the situations are contrived and the dialogue is alternately weak and humorous. When the final credits roll, most of us with a proverbial LICK of sense realize that it just doesn't add up, man (it really, really doesn't, folks)." Glenn Lovell of the San Jose Mercury News was slightly more positive: "No, it's not as single-minded as John Carpenter's original, but it's sure a lot smarter and more unnerving than the sequels."[ List of films featuring surveillance Official website Halloween: Resurrection at the Internet Movie Database Halloween: Resurrection at AllMovie Halloween: Resurrection at Box Office Mojo Halloween: Resurrection at Rotten Tomatoes Halloween: Resurrection at FEARnet Handlung. Der Erfolg des letzten Halloween-Streifens, H20, veranlasste die Macher, Resurrection noch moderner zu gestalten: Michael Myers landet in einer Reality-TV. It’s been 3 years since Laurie Strode killed Michael Myers on Halloween … or so we thought. Myers switched places with a paramedic and instead of killing her. HALLOWEEN H20 SHOULD OF BEEN THE LAST IN THE SERIES……. what the hell happened?!? even though, i did see this one in the theatre. I will say that it was. Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of. Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory CastWilly Wonka & The Chocolate Factory Games MbBy Director Mel Stuart A Poor Boy Wins The Opportunity To Tour The Most Eccentric and Wonderful Candy Factory of All. This is the part were that young but very fat German boy gets stuck in the chocolate pipe because he is to greedy and goes to drink out of the chocolate. De watertoren op het voormalige terrein van de gasfabriek in München, zichtbaar bij de buitenscénes bij de fabriek. Willy Wonka is a character in Roald Dahl's 1964 children's novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, its sequel Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, and the film. Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl and tells the story of Charlie Bucket (Peter Ostrum, in his only film appearance) as he receives a Golden Ticket and visits Willy Wonka's chocolate factory with four other children from around the world. Filming took place in Munich in 1970, and the film was released by Paramount Pictures on June 30, 1971. With a budget of just $3 million, the film received positive reviews and performed well in 1971, but it was not a huge box-office success, only earning about $4 million at the end of its original run. It then made an additional $21 million during its 1996 re-release.[ The film has since developed a cult following especially due to its repeated television airings and home entertainment sales. In 1972, the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score, and Wilder was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, but lost both to Fiddler on the Roof. In 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Until 1977, Paramount distributed the film. From then on, all the rights to the film were handed over to Warner Bros. for home entertainment purposes starting in the 1980s. The film had become a big success in that medium ever since. In an unnamed European town, children go to a candy shop after school. Charlie Bucket (Peter Ostrum), whose family is poor, can only stare through the window as the shop owner sings "Candy Man". The newsagent for whom Charlie works after school gives him his weekly pay, which Charlie uses to buy a loaf of bread. On his way home, he passes Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. A mysterious tinker (Peter Capell) recites the first lines of William Allingham's poem "The Fairies", and tells Charlie, "Nobody ever goes in, and nobody ever comes out." Charlie rushes home to his widowed mother (Diana Sowle) and his four bedridden grandparents. After he tells Grandpa Joe (Jack Albertson) about the tinker, Joe tells him that Wonka locked the factory because his arch-rival, Mr. Slugworth, and other candy makers sent in spies disguised as employees to steal Wonka's recipes. Wonka disappeared, but three years later began selling more candy; the origin of Wonka's labour force is a mystery. Wonka announces to the world that he has hidden five "Golden Tickets" in his chocolate Wonka Bars. The finders of these tickets will be given a tour of his factory and a lifetime supply of chocolate. Four of the tickets are found by Augustus Gloop (Michael Bollner), a gluttonous German boy; Veruca Salt (Julie Dawn Cole), a spoiled British girl; Violet Beauregarde (Denise Nickerson), a gum-chewing American girl; and Mike Teevee (Paris Themmen), a television-obsessed American boy. As each child is heralded to the world on television, a sinister-looking man whispers to them. Charlie finds money in a gutter and uses it to buy a Wonka Bar. He has change left that he uses to buy another Wonka bar that he intends to bring to his family. When Charlie opens the Wonka bar, he finds the final golden ticket. Racing home, he is confronted by the sinister man seen whispering to the other winners. The man introduces himself as Slugworth (Günter Meisner) and offers to pay Charlie for a sample of Wonka's latest creation, the Everlasting Gobstopper. Charlie returns home with his news. Grandpa Joe is so elated that he finds he can walk, and Charlie chooses him as his chaperone. The next day, Wonka (Gene Wilder) greets the ticket winners at the factory gates. Each is required to sign an extensive contract. The factory is a psychedelic wonderland that includes a river of chocolate, edible mushrooms, lickable wallpaper, and other marvellous inventions. Wonka's workers are small, orange-skinned, green-haired Oompa-Loompas. During the tour, Augustus falls into the Chocolate River and is sucked up a pipe to the Chocolate Smelting Room. Violet blows up into a blueberry after chewing an experimental three-course meal gum. The group reaches the Fizzy Lifting Drinks Room, where Charlie and Grandpa Joe disregard Wonka and sample the beverages, though they are not caught. Veruca demands a goose that lays golden chocolate eggs, which leads her to falling down a garbage chute leading to the furnace. Mike then meets his demise with "Wonkavision", which teleports Mike but leaves him only six inches tall. In between Augustus' and Violet's demises, Wonka gave the remaining ticket winners an Everlasting Gobstopper on the condition that they never talk about or show them to anyone. At the end of the tour, Wonka, Charlie, and Grandpa Joe remain, but Wonka dismisses them. Grandpa Joe follows Wonka to ask about Charlie's lifetime supply of chocolate, to which Wonka tells him that because they violated the contract by stealing Fizzy Lifting Drinks, they receive nothing. Grandpa Joe denounces Wonka and suggests to Charlie that he give Slugworth the Gobstopper, but Charlie instead returns the candy to Wonka and apologizes. Wonka reveals that "Slugworth" is actually an employee named Mr. Wilkinson, and the offer to buy the Gobstopper was a test; Charlie was the only one who passed. The trio enter the "Wonkavator", a multi-directional glass elevator that flies out of the factory. Soaring over the city, Wonka tells Charlie that his actual prize is the factory itself; Wonka created the contest to find a child honest and worthy enough to be his heir. Charlie and his family will live in the factory immediately and take over its operation when Wonka retires. Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka Jack Albertson as Grandpa Joe Peter Ostrum as Charlie Bucket Roy Kinnear as Henry Salt Julie Dawn Cole as Veruca Salt Leonard Stone as Sam Beauregarde Denise Nickerson as Violet Beauregarde Dodo Denney as Mrs. Teevee Paris Themmen as Mike Teevee Ursula Reit as Mrs. Gloop Michael Bollner as Augustus Gloop Diana Sowle as Mrs. Bucket Aubrey Woods as Bill, the Candy Shop owner David Battley as Mr. Turkentine Günter Meisner as Mr. Slugworth/Mr. Wilkinson Peter Capell as The Tinker Werner Heyking as Mr. Jopeck Peter Stuart as Winkelmann Dora Altmann as Grandma Georgina Pat Coombs as Henrietta Salt Kurt Grosskurth as Mr. Gloop Franziska Liebing as Grandma Josephine Ernst Ziegler as Grandpa George Steve Dunne as Stanley Kael, newscaster Frank Delfino as Auctioneer Rusty Goffe Rudy Borgstaller George Claydon Ismed Hassan Norman McGlen Angelo Muscat Pepe Poupee Marcus Powell Albert Wilkinson The idea for adapting the book into a film came about when director Mel Stuart's ten-year-old daughter read the book and asked her father to make a film out of it, with "Uncle Dave" (producer David L. Wolper) producing it. Stuart showed the book to Wolper, who happened to be in the midst of talks with the Quaker Oats Company regarding a vehicle to introduce a new candy bar from their Chicago-based Breaker Confections subsidiary (since renamed The Willy Wonka Candy Company and sold to Nestlé). Wolper persuaded the company, who had no previous experience in the film industry, to buy the rights to the book and finance the picture for the purpose of promoting a new Quaker Oats Wonka Bar. It was agreed that the film would be a children's musical, and that Dahl himself would write the screenplay. However, the title was changed to Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory in order to promote the aforementioned candy tie-in. Screenwriter David Seltzer conceived a gimmick exclusively for the film that had Wonka quoting numerous literary sources, such as Arthur O'Shaughnessy's Ode, Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest, Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, and William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. Seltzer also worked Slugworth (only mentioned as a rival candy maker in the book) into the plot as an actual character. All six members of Monty Python: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle, Terry Gilliam, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin, expressed interest in playing Wonka, but at the time they were deemed not big enough names for an international audience. Three of the members, Cleese, Idle and Palin, were later seriously considered for the same role in Tim Burton’s remake. Before Wilder was officially cast for the role, Fred Astaire, Joel Grey, Ron Moody, and Jon Pertwee were all considered. Spike Milligan was Roald Dahl's original choice to play Willy Wonka. Peter Sellers even begged Dahl for the role. Jean Stapleton turned down the role of Mrs. Teevee. Jim Backus was considered for the role of Sam Beauregarde. When Wilder was cast for the role, he accepted it on one condition: The reason why Wilder wanted this in the film was that "from that time on, no one will know if I'm lying or telling the truth." Sammy Davis, Jr. wanted to play Bill, the candy store owner, but Stuart did not like the idea because he felt that the presence of a big star in the candy store scene would break the reality. Anthony Newley also wanted to play Bill but Stuart also objected to this. Principal photography commenced on April 30, 1970, and ended on November 19, 1970. The primary shooting location was Munich, Bavaria, West Germany, because it was significantly cheaper than filming in the United States and the setting was conducive to Wonka's factory; Stuart also liked the ambiguity and unfamiliarity of the location. External shots of the factory were filmed at the gasworks of Stadtwerke München (Emmy-Noether-Straße 10); the entrance and side buildings still exist. The exterior of Charlie Bucket's house which was only a set constructed for the film was filmed at Quellenstraße in Munich, Bavaria. Charlie's School was filmed at Katholisches Pfarramt St. Sylvester, Biedersteiner Straße 1 in Munich. Bill's Candy Shop was filmed at Lilienstraße, Munich. The closing sequence when the Wonkavator is flying above the factory is footage of Nördlingen in Bavaria. Production designer Harper Goff centered the factory on the massive Chocolate Room. According to Paris Themmen, who played Mike Teevee, "The river was made of water with food coloring. At one point, they poured some cocoa powder into it to try to thicken it but it didn't really work. When asked this question, Michael Böllner, who played Augustus Gloop, answers, 'It vas dirty, stinking vater.'" When interviewed for the 30th anniversary special edition, Gene Wilder stated that he enjoyed working with most of the child actors, but said that he and the crew had some problems with Paris Themmen, claiming that he was "a handful". Willy Wonka was released on June 30, 1971. The film was not a big success, being the fifty-third highest grossing film of the year in the U.S., earning just over $2.1 million on its opening weekend, although it received positive reviews from critics such as Roger Ebert. Seeing no significant financial advantage, Paramount decided against renewing its distribution deal for the film when it expired in 1977. Later that year, Warner Communications, the then-parent company of Warner Bros., acquired Wolper Productions, which led to Quaker Oats selling its share of the film's rights to Warner Bros. for $500,000 at the same time. By the mid-1980s, Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory had experienced a spike in popularity thanks in large part to repeated television broadcasts and home video sales. Following a 25th anniversary theatrical re-release in 1996, it was released on DVD the next year, allowing it to reach a new generation of viewers. The film was released as a remastered special edition on DVD and VHS in 2001 to commemorate the film's 30th anniversary. In 2003, Entertainment Weekly ranked it 25th in the "Top 50 Cult Movies" of all time. Warner's ownership of the film helped them get the rights to make a new film adaptation that was released in 2005, as well as a stage musical adaptation that had its premiere in London in 2013. The film currently holds an 89% 'Fresh' rating on Rotten Tomatoes with the critical consensus stating "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is strange yet comforting, full of narrative detours that don't always work but express the film's uniqueness". It has been argued that the film "reflects an important shift in the family genre, deploying a mode of dual address that almost wilfully blurs the line between adult and child entertainment ... this [use of] dual address may be seen as a forerunner to a certain type of multivalent family film now synonymous with contemporary Hollywood animated features." Willy Wonka was ranked #74 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments for the "scary tunnel" scene. American Film Institute Lists AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs - Nominated AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs: "The Candy Man" - Nominated AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals - Nominated AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers - Nominated AFI's 10 Top 10 - Nominated Fantasy Film Dahl disowned the film, the script of which was partially rewritten by David Seltzer after Dahl failed to meet deadlines. Dahl said he was "disappointed" because "he thought it placed too much emphasis on Willy Wonka and not enough on Charlie," as well as the non-casting of Spike Milligan. He was also "infuriated" by the deviations in the plot Seltzer devised in his draft of the screenplay, including the conversion of Slugworth into a spy and the "fizzy lifting drinks" scene. The film was first released on DVD in 1997 as the "25th anniversary edition" as a double sided disc containing a widescreen and "standard" version. The "standard" version is an open matte print, where the mattes used to make the image widescreen are removed, revealing information originally intended to be hidden from viewers. VHS copies were also available, but only containing the "standard" version. A special edition DVD was released in 2001, celebrating the film's 30th anniversary, although only full-screen, on August 28, 2001. Due to the lack of a letterboxed release, fan petitioning eventually led Warner Home Video to issue a widescreen version on November 13, 2001. It was also released on VHS, with only one of the special features (a making-of feature). Several original cast members reunited to film documentary footage for this special edition DVD release. The two editions featured restored sound, and better picture quality. In addition to the documentary, the DVD included a trailer, a gallery, and audio commentary by the cast. In 2006, Warner Home Video released the film on HD DVD with all the bonus features from the 2001 DVD. The film was released on Blu-ray on October 20, 2009. It includes all the bonus features from the 2001 DVD and 2006 HD-DVD as well as a 38-page book. In 2011, a new 40th-anniversary Blu-ray/DVD set was released on November 1, consisting of the film on Blu-ray Disc and DVD as well as a bonus features disc. The set also included a variety of rarities such as a Wonka Bar-designed tin, four scented pencils, a scented eraser, a book detailing the making of the film, original production papers and a Golden Ticket to win a trip to Los Angeles. The Academy Award-nominated original score and songs were composed by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley, and musical direction was by Walter Scharf. The soundtrack was first released by Paramount Records in 1971. On October 8, 1996, Hip-O Records (in conjunction with MCA Records, which by then owned the Paramount catalog), released the soundtrack on CD as a "25th Anniversary Edition". The music and songs in the order that they appear in the film are: "Main Title" – Instrumental medley of "(I've Got A) Golden Ticket" and "Pure Imagination" "The Candy Man Can" – Aubrey Woods "Cheer Up, Charlie" – Diana Lee (dubbing over Diana Sowle) "(I've Got A) Golden Ticket" – Jack Albertson and Peter Ostrum "Pure Imagination" – Gene Wilder "Oompa Loompa (Augustus)" – The Oompa Loompas "The Wondrous Boat Ride"/"The Rowing Song" – Gene Wilder "Oompa Loompa (Violet)" – The Oompa Loompas "I Want It Now!" – Julie Dawn Cole "Oompa Loompa (Veruca)" – The Oompa Loompas "Ach, so fromm" (alternately titled "M'appari", from Martha) – Gene Wilder "Oompa Loompa (Mike)" – The Oompa Loompas "End Credits" – "Pure Imagination" Soundtrack The track listing for the soundtrack is as follows: "Main Title" ("Golden Ticket"/"Pure Imagination") "The Candy Man" "Charlie's Paper Run" "Cheer Up Charlie" "Lucky Charlie" "(I've Got A) Golden Ticket" "Pure Imagination" "Oompa Loompa" "The Wondrous Boat Ride" "Everlasting Gobstoppers/Oompa Loompa" "The Bubble Machine" "I Want It Now/Oompa Loompa" "Wonkamobile, Wonkavision/Oompa Loompa" "Wonkavator/End Title" ("Pure Imagination") List of American films of 1971 Anders, Lou. Golden Tickets to Hell: Willy Wonka – Tour Guide of the Abyss, 2005 Stuart, Mel, with Josh Young, Pure Imagination: The Making of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, St. Martin's Press, 2002. ISBN 0-312-28777-1, ISBN 0-312-35240-9 Wikiquote has quotations related to: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Wikimedia Commons has media related to Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at the Internet Movie Database Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at the TCM Movie Database Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at Rotten Tomatoes Baz Luhrmann’s STRICTLY BALLROOM THE MUSICAL is inspiring story of a championship ballroom dancer who defies all the rules to follow his heart. Directed by Baz Luhrmann. With Paul Mercurio, Tara Morice, Bill Hunter, Pat Thomson. A maverick dancer risks his career by performing an unusual routine and sets out to succeed with a new partner. 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Arbitrage (von franz. arbitrage, von lat. arbitratus „Gutdünken, freie Wahl, freies Ermessen“) bezeichnet das Ausnutzen von Preisunterschieden für gleiche Waren auf verschiedenen Märkten. Infolge der ausgleichenden Wirkung der Arbitrage passen sich die Preise in verschiedenen Märkten einander an; dieser Vorteil existiert daher in der Regel nur eine bestimmte Zeit lang. Bei der praktischen Durchführung der Arbitrage kauft der Arbitrageur (meist unter Einsatz von hohen Volumina im Vergleich zu den erzielten Gewinnen) an dem einen Ort das billigere Instrument, bei (theoretisch) simultanem Verkauf des teureren Instruments an einem anderen Ort, ohne dass es für ihn dabei zu nennenswerten Nettoausgaben kommt. Jede Arbitrage beruht hierbei auf dem ökonomischen „Gesetz des einheitlichen Preises“ (Law of One Price, siehe unten), das für gleichwertige Handlungsalternativen gleiche Preise postuliert. Beobachtet beispielsweise ein Arbitrageur, dass der Euro in den USA zu einem Kurs A und in der EWWU (Europäischen Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion) zu einem höheren Kurs B (also B > A) gehandelt wird, so könnte er eine große Menge an Euro in den USA kaufen und (theoretisch) gleichzeitig teurer in der EWWU verkaufen. Durch die theoretische Gleichzeitigkeit der Handlungen wäre ein praktisch risikoloser Gewinn erzielt. In einer strengeren Definition gilt Arbitrage nur dann als möglich, wenn die Gewinnerzielung nicht nur risikoarm, sondern risikolos, also sicher erfolgen kann. Folgende Arten von Arbitrage können unterschieden werden: Kulturelle Arbitrage Kulturbedingte Eigenheiten werden genutzt, um Handelsvorteile zu erzielen. Beispielsweise kann Bier in Bayern oder Wein in Mittelmeerländern aus traditionellen Gründen (Grundnahrungsmittel) billiger als anderswo sein. Arbitrageure könnten dann dort billig einkaufen und teurer andernorts verkaufen. Geografische Arbitrage Geografische Vorteile können weltweit genutzt werden, beispielsweise durch reduzierte Transportkosten. Durch sofortige Kommunikation und minimale Kommunikationskosten werden im Börsengeschäft die Kursunterschiede eines Wertpapiers an verschiedenen Börsen zu Gewinnvorteilen genutzt. Mathematische oder statistische Arbitrage Historisch korrelierende Güter werden betrachtet. Wenn eines der beiden Güter aus der Korrelation ausschert, besteht kurzfristig die Möglichkeit zur Arbitrage, da angenommen werden kann, dass die Preise schließlich wieder zusammenlaufen werden, um die Arbitragelosigkeit wiederherzustellen. Ökonomische Arbitrage Letztendlich sind alle Formen der Arbitrage ökonomischer Natur. Der Begriff wird verwendet, um Formen der Arbitrage zu beschreiben, die ihren Ursprung nicht in Kultur, Administration oder Geographie haben. Arbitrage wird in der Wirtschaftswissenschaft überwiegend als nützlich beurteilt, da sie Markteffizienz schafft. Im Rahmen der Globalisierungskritik wird ein Missverhältnis zwischen dem tatsächlichen Handelsvolumen und den auf den Devisenmärkten umgesetzten Beträgen als kritikwürdig angesehen. Bei diesen angesprochenen Devisengeschäften handelt es sich fast vollständig um Arbitragegeschäfte zwischen verschiedenen Währungen, die innerhalb von Sekunden elektronisch abgewickelt werden, wodurch im Tagesverlauf sehr hohe Handelsvolumina entstehen können. Diese Arbitragegeschäfte werden gelegentlich als Zinsarbitrage bezeichnet (besser: Currency Carry Trades, um Verwechslungen auszuschließen). Dabei handelt es sich um Spekulationsgeschäfte zum Ausnutzen von Zinsunterschieden einzelner Währungen. Joseph Schumpeter stellte den Arbitrage-Unternehmer dem innovativen schöpferischen Unternehmer gegenüber. Schumpeter bewertet die Leistung des schöpferischen Unternehmers höher, erkennt jedoch zugleich an, dass der Arbitrage-Unternehmer ungewollt den Wettbewerb fördere, da er Kenntnisse, die vorher nur ihm zur Verfügung standen (und die Voraussetzung seiner Arbitrage-Tätigkeit sind), dem Markt zugänglich macht. Unter Arbitrage-Bedingung versteht man, dass es dauerhaft nicht möglich sein wird, einen risikolosen Gewinn durch den Kauf und Verkauf von Vermögensgegenständen auf einem Markt zu realisieren, da sich die Preise irgendwann angleichen werden. Im Folgenden sollen die einzelnen Voraussetzungen sowie die auf den Märkten ablaufenden Vorgänge, welche zum Einsetzen der Arbitrage-Bedingung notwendig sind, dargestellt werden. Auf eine spezielle Art sind Märkte verbunden, auf denen sich für das gleiche Gut Preise auf räumlich unterschiedlichen Märkten bilden. Weichen diese Preise voneinander ab, so dass sich regional differenzierte Preise ergeben, ist es möglich, durch sogenannte Arbitragegeschäfte die Preisunterschiede zu nutzen, um Gewinne zu erzielen. Existenz zweier Anlagemöglichkeiten: A. Anlage von 1000 € in Form des Kaufs von x Kühen auf dem Viehmarkt zum Zeitpunkt und zum Preis . Verkauf nach einer Periode ( ) zum Preis B. Anlage von 1000 € durch Kauf einer Anleihe mit sicherer Verzinsung für eine Periode (von bis ) (Folgende Berechnungen in Anlehnung an Varian) Der künftige Wert aus der Anlage A ergibt sich (ohne Berücksichtigung von Zinseffekten) somit als: (1) Da in 1000 € vorausgesetzt wurde, gilt . Somit erhält man . Durch Einsetzen in (1) gelangt man zu: (2) Der künftige Wert der Anlage B entspricht: (3) Gilt nun oder , so ist Arbitrage möglich. Exemplarisch soll dies für den Fall (4) dargestellt werden. Wäre ein Individuum in diesem Fall im Besitz einer Kuh und würde diese veräußern und den Verkaufserlös in Anlage B investieren, erhielte es in : . Da sich durch Umstellung von (4) ergibt, würde das Individuum zum Zeitpunkt mehr erhalten als es benötigt, um die Kuh zurück zu kaufen . Somit würde man einen risikofreien Gewinn erzielen – Arbitrage wäre existent. Im Marktkontext ist die dauerhafte Existenz einer derartigen „Gelddruckmaschine“ allerdings unwahrscheinlich. Es ist zu erwarten, dass die Arbitragemöglichkeiten nach einer gewissen Zeit durch die Marktkräfte beseitigt werden. Ursächlich hierfür sind, mit Bezug auf das oben genannte Beispiel, im Wesentlichen nachfolgende Entwicklungen. Besteht eine wie im Beispiel beschriebene Arbitragemöglichkeit, so werden rationale Individuen diese Gelegenheit erkennen und versuchen, ihren Nutzen daraus zu ziehen. Das heißt, es werden einerseits vermehrt Kühe in auf dem Viehmarkt angeboten, um den Preis zu erlösen und diesen in der Anleihe anzulegen. Somit ergibt sich ein erhöhtes Angebot, was auf kurz oder lang zu sinkenden Preisen führt. Folglich wird die rechte Seite von (4), also ansteigen. Gleichsam führt die vermehrte Nachfrage nach Anleihen zu sinkenden Zinsen . Somit vermindert sich die linke Seite von (4), also . Schließlich wird sich: (5) einstellen und sämtliche Arbitragemöglichkeiten sind eliminiert. Dies beschreibt somit die sogenannte Arbitrage-Bedingung. Für ein grundsätzliches Wirken der beschriebenen Marktkräfte hin zum Eintreten der Arbitragebedingung, also der Neutralisierung der Opportunität zur Realisierung eines risikolosen Gewinns, müssen bestimmte Rahmenbedingungen gegeben sein. Im Wesentlichen handelt es sich dabei um: (A) einen funktionierenden Markt, d. h. insbesondere: vollständige Information der Marktteilnehmer (vollkommene Markttransparenz) Sicherheit hinsichtlich der Marktbedingungen (Preise, Kosten etc.) freier Marktzugang die Nichtexistenz von diskriminierend wirkenden Transaktionskosten (nur gegen einzelne Marktteilnehmer gerichtet) homogene Güter (B) rationale Individuen, die ihre Entscheidungen an der Maximierung ihres erwarteten Nutzens ausrichten. Arbitragefreiheit Currency Carry Trade Optionsstrategie Trianguläre Arbitrage Olivier Blanchard, Gerhard Illing: Makroökonomie. 4. aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage (der amerikanischen Auflage). Pearson Studium, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-8273-7209-3 (Wi – Wirtschaft). Horst Demmler: Einführung in die Volkswirtschaftslehre. Hauptband. 4. verbesserte Auflage. Oldenbourg Verlag, München 1993, ISBN 3-486-22552-9. Pankaj Ghemawat: The Forgotten Strategy. In: Harvard Business Review. 81, 11, November 2003, ISSN 0007-6805, S. 76–85. Karl-Heinz Moritz, Georg Stadtmann: Monetäre Außenwirtschaft. Vahlen Verlag, München 1999, ISBN 3-8006-2491-5 (Kompaktstudium Wirtschaftswissenschaften 15). Hal R. Varian: Grundzüge der Mikroökonomie. 4. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Oldenbourg Verlag, München 1999, ISBN 3-486-24505-8 (Internationale Standardlehrbücher der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften). Artur Woll: Allgemeine Volkswirtschaftslehre. 12. überarbeitete und ergänzte Auflage. Vahlen Verlag, München 1996, ISBN 3-8006-2091-X (Vahlens Handbücher der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften). Wiktionary: Arbitrage – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen Arbitrage (von franz. arbitrage, von lat. arbitratus „Gutdünken, freie Wahl, freies Ermessen“) bezeichnet das Ausnutzen von Preisunterschieden für gleiche Waren. Arbitrage MeaningArbitrage Arbitrage Rotten Tomatoes |
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